PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM JAMAAH UMROH TERHADAP PRAKTIK WANPRESTASI PENYELENGGARA TRAVEL UMROH DI INDONESIA

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the form and effectiveness of legal protection, as well as the mechanisms for accountability and dispute resolution for Umrah pilgrims as consumers due to breach of contract practices carried out by Umrah travel organizers in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Data was obtained through library research on primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of relevant books and scientific journals. The results show that, normatively, legal protection for Umrah pilgrims has been regulated in civil law, the Consumer Protection Law, and the Hajj and Umrah Implementation Law. However, in practice, this protection has not been effective due to weak supervision, the dominance of a criminal approach that is not oriented towards restoring victims' rights, and the low legal literacy of pilgrims. The available mechanisms for legal accountability and dispute resolution have not fully provided certainty and justice for Umrah pilgrims. Therefore, this research recommends strengthening supervision, optimizing compensation mechanisms, and enforcing laws that are oriented towards consumer protection and the restoration of Umrah pilgrims' rights.